The team of researchers involved will examine social cohesion in the ever-changing contexts of multiple crises around the world, with a particular focus on the broader region of Latin America and its border areas. New surveys will be conducted in Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, focussing primarily on understanding contexts influenced by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, refugee crises and drug cartels. This research will allow broader generalisations to be drawn about the global context of other refugee crises in cross-border areas such as Afghanistan and Myanmar.